Minimizing The Number of Tardy Jobs in Hybrid Flow Shops with Non-Identical Multiple Processors

Two-stage hybrid flow shops (a.k.a., flow shops with multiple processors (FSMPs)) are studied wherein the multiple processors at a stage are non-identical, but related (a.k.a., uniform) in their processing speeds.   The impact of ten different dispatching procedures on a due-date based criterion (specifically, the number of tardy jobs) is analyzed over a set of 1,800 problems of varying configurations wherein the number of jobs per problem is between 20 and 100 and their due dates are randomly assigned.  Results indicate that the modified due date (MDD), earliest due date (EDD), slack (SLK), shortest processing time (SPT), and least work remaining (LWR) rules are statistically inseparable but yield superior performance to the other rules included in this study.  The longest processing time (LPT) and most work remaining (MWR) rules provide the poorest performance

Cambios morfologicos de la glandula Pineal luego de eliminar la estimulacion fotica en las ratas

73 p.La glándula pineal es una pequeña estructura ubicada en el techo del diencéfalo en la gran mayoría de los animales vertebrados, su principal función es la de jugar un rol importante en la regulación de ritmos circadianos, tales como sueño-vigilia, además de secretar melatonina, hormona con fuerte efecto sobre la acción gonadal, efectos oncostático, geroprotector y antioxidante. La función de producción de la melatonina está a cargo del pinealocito, célula principal de esta glándula que junto a las células intersticiales son los principales componentes celulares de la glándula. El objetivo de este estudio es la observación de los posibles cambios morfológicos a nivel histológico, representados en la densidad de pinealocitos y vasos sanguíneos de la glándula pineal, luego de eliminar la estimulación fótica en ratas, por medio de daño retiniano con alcohol etílico. Para el estudio se utilizaron 18 ratas hembras de la raza Sprague Dawley divididas en 2 grupos, el primero (Grupo I) actuó como control, y el segundo (Grupo II) fue sometido a una lesión a nivel retiniano, por medio de alcoholización bilateral de ambos bulbos oculares, las cuales luego de 3 semanas fueron sacrificadas, para analizar mediante cortes histológicos seriados teñidos con H/E, la glándula. Los resultados encontrados fueron que para el grupo II en el cual fue eliminada la estimulación fótica, la densidad de pinealocitos fue mayor (518.73) en comparación con el grupo I (345.22) en los cuales la estimulación fue normal, resultados que fueron estadísticamente significativos. En conclusión la estimulación lumínica juega un importante rol en el control de la función pineal, existiendo considerables cambios a nivel histológico, tanto a nivel vascular como celular

Altitude and COVID-19 in Colombia : an updated analysis accounting for potential confounders

Q4Q2Pacientes con COVID-19We assessed the relationship between the altitude of municipalities and the incidence, mortality, and fatality from COVID-19 and excess of mortality in Colombia between 2020 and 2022. We conducted an ecologic study including all 1122 municipalities in Colombia and used categories of altitude as main independent variable. We fit multivariable regression models for incidence, mortality, fatality rates, and excess of mortality controlling for several variables at municipality level. There was a higher incidence rate, similar mortality rate and lower case-fatality rate for COVID-19 during 2020–2022 in municipalities in the upper category of altitude (>=2500 masl) compared to the lower category (<1000 masl). The excess of mortality was lower but not statistically different in municipalities in the upper category of altitude, and significantly lower in the intermediate altitude category compared to the lowlands. Our findings provide evidence that municipalities with high altitude had similar mortality rate, and lower case-fatality rate and excess of mortality for COVID-19 compared to lowlands in Colombia.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-1940Revista Internacional - IndexadaA2N

Biomasa residual en sistema de calefacción de invernadero en Cundinamarca

Plant residues generated in companies dedicated to floriculture are often an environmental problem, since they are vectors for the spread of pests and diseases, and even aesthetic problems, and are not generally used for energy use. From there, a study of energy use of residual biomass is carried out, taking into account the data of a floriculture company in Sesquilé (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The vegetable biomass produced is characterized and quantified and a biodigestion system is designed to replace the fuel currently used (propane) for heating greenhouses during the frost season (20 days); A production of 3,836 Nm³ of biogas is estimated, in a time of 57 days. This proposal is a good alternative for the company, since the investment of the entire system is recovered in a period of 2.6 years.Los residuos vegetales generados en empresas dedicadas a la floricultura son una problemática ambiental, ya que son vectores de propagación de plagas y enfermedades, e incluso problemas de estética, y no son generalmente utilizados para aprovechamiento energético. A partir de allí surgió un estudio de aprovechamiento energético de biomasa residual, teniendo en cuenta los datos de una empresa de floricultura en Sesquilé (Cundinamarca, Colombia). De este modo, se caracterizó y se cuantificó la biomasa vegetal producida y se diseñó un sistema de biodigestión, para sustituir el combustible usado (propano) para la calefacción de los invernaderos durante la temporada de heladas (20 días). Se estimó una producción de 3836 Nm³ de biogás, en un tiempo de 57 días. Esta propuesta es una buena alternativa para la empresa, ya que la inversión de todo el sistema se recupera en un periodo de 2,6 años

Sarconesin II, a New Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Sarconesiopsis magellanica Excretions and Secretions

Antibiotic resistance is at dangerous levels and increasing worldwide. The search for new antimicrobial drugs to counteract this problem is a priority for health institutions and organizations, both globally and in individual countries. Sarconesiopsis magellanica blowfly larval excretions and secretions (ES) are an important source for isolating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study aims to identify and characterize a new S. magellanica AMP. RP-HPLC was used to fractionate ES, using C18 columns, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The peptide sequence of the fraction collected at 43.7 min was determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Fluorescence and electronic microscopy were used to evaluate the mechanism of action. Toxicity was tested on HeLa cells and human erythrocytes; physicochemical properties were evaluated. The molecule in the ES was characterized as sarconesin II and it showed activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli MG1655, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, P. aeruginosa PA14) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Micrococcus luteus A270) bacteria. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration obtained was 1.9 µM for M. luteus A270; the AMP had no toxicity in any cells tested here and its action in bacterial membrane and DNA was confirmed. Sarconesin II was documented as a conserved domain of the ATP synthase protein belonging to the Fli-1 superfamily. The data reported here indicated that peptides could be alternative therapeutic candidates for use in infections against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and eventually as a new resource of compounds for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. © 2019 by the authors

Curso de profundización en Linux

Instalación del sistema operativo Zentyal que cuenta con una interfaz gráfica operativa desde la web, la cual se puede configurar de acuerdo al servicio que se necesite implementar y posterior la realización de las cinco temáticas establecidas.Installation of the Zentyal operating system that has a graphical operating interface from the web, which can be configured according to the service that needs to be implemented and then the realization of the five established themes

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit